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  1. A queue is a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) data structure where elements are added at the rear and removed from the front. Below is a step-by-step implementation of a queue using an array in Java.

    Code Implementation

    class Queue {
    private int front, rear, size, capacity;
    private int[] array;

    // Constructor to initialize the queue
    public Queue(int capacity) {
    this.capacity = capacity;
    front = 0;
    rear = -1;
    size = 0;
    array = new int[capacity];
    }

    // Check if the queue is full
    public boolean isFull() {
    return size == capacity;
    }

    // Check if the queue is empty
    public boolean isEmpty() {
    return size == 0;
    }

    // Add an element to the queue
    public void enqueue(int item) {
    if (isFull()) {
    System.out.println("Queue is full!");
    return;
    }
    rear = (rear + 1) % capacity; // Circular increment
    array[rear] = item;
    size++;
    System.out.println(item + " enqueued to queue");
    }

    // Remove an element from the queue
    public int dequeue() {
    if (isEmpty()) {
    System.out.println("Queue is empty!");
    return Integer.MIN_VALUE;
    }
    int item = array[front];
    front = (front + 1) % capacity; // Circular increment
    size--;
    return item;
    }

    // Get the front element without removing it
    public int front() {
    if (isEmpty()) {
    System.out.println("Queue is empty!");
    return Integer.MIN_VALUE;
    }
    return array[front];
    }

    // Get the rear element without removing it
    public int rear() {
    if (isEmpty()) {
    System.out.println("Queue is empty!");
    return Integer.MIN_VALUE;
    }
    return array[rear];
    }
    }

    // Testing the Queue implementation
    public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    Queue queue = new Queue(5);

    queue.enqueue(10);
    queue.enqueue(20);
    queue.enqueue(30);

    System.out.println(queue.dequeue() + " dequeued from queue");
    System.out.println("Front item is " + queue.front());

    queue.enqueue(40);
    queue.enqueue(50);

    System.out.println(queue.dequeue() + " dequeued from queue");
    }
    }
    Gekopieerd.
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