A line follower robot is an autonomous vehicle that detects and follows a path, usually a black line on a white surface, using IR sensors. The Arduino UNO processes sensor data and controls motors via a motor driver to navigate the track.

Steps to Build and Program

1. Hardware Setup

• Components: Arduino UNO, L293D or L298N motor driver, 2 IR sensor modules, 2 DC geared motors with wheels, chassis, caster wheel, battery (7.4–12V), jumper wires.

• Connections: IR sensors → Digital pins (e.g., Left: D2, Right: D4) Motor driver inputs → Arduino pins (e.g., IN1: D6, IN2: D7, IN3: D9, IN4: D10) Enable pins → PWM pins (e.g., ENA: D5, ENB: D8) set HIGH for activation.

• Sensor Placement: Keep ~5–10 mm above surface for accurate detection.

Arduino Code Example